The northern cardinal, commonly known as the cardinal, has held the title of Illinois' official state bird for nearly a century. Renowned for their vibrant red plumage and melodic songs, cardinals are a beloved symbol of Illinois' rich biodiversity.
The journey to this designation began in the early 1900s when Illinois schools engaged students in selecting state symbols, aiming to foster an appreciation for nature. After successful campaigns to choose a state flower and tree, the Macomb chapter of the National Federation of Business and Professional Women extended the initiative to birds in 1928. Schoolchildren from 96 counties cast their votes, with the cardinal emerging victorious over the bluebird by more than 8,000 votes. The 56th General Assembly affirmed the students' choice, and in 1929, the cardinal was officially named Illinois' State Bird through House Bill 5. This decision resonated beyond Illinois, as six other states have since adopted the cardinal as their state bird, making it the most common state bird in the U.S.
Illinois is home to hundreds of bird species, but the cardinal's distinctive characteristics made it a standout choice. Early European settlers named the bird for its resemblance to the red attire of Roman Catholic cardinals. Both male and female cardinals are known for their wide repertoire of songs, a unique trait among songbirds.
Cardinals are not only admired for their appearance and sound but also for their adaptability. They thrive in diverse habitats, from forests to urban areas, and are resilient through Illinois' harsh winters. Their varied diet of seeds, nuts, insects, and berries, which contributes to their red color, makes them crucial to maintaining ecological balance by aiding in plant regeneration and controlling pest populations.
Although cardinals were not originally widespread in Illinois, they expanded into the Midwest in the late 1800s, aided by suburban development and birdfeeders. Today, their presence is felt statewide, from Metro East to Chicago.
As the northern cardinal approaches a century as Illinois' State Bird, it remains a cherished emblem of the state's natural beauty and ecological diversity, continuing to captivate residents with its vibrant presence and vital role in the environment.